Thanks for the response re encodings and issues. Very helpful. I put my responses in the attachment but here is the first part about encoding. Your response: We haven't picked a basic set that all conforming implementations must support other than that UTF-8 and USASCII must be supported. We might require more than this though. That's a relief! The current spec mentions UTF-8, ebcdic-cp-us (IBM037), and UTF-16BE. Since Java 1.6 supports 160 encodings using 686 aliases I've no doubt you see the reason for my question about which encodings need initial support. ICU supports even more encodings and requiring some of these could implicitly require implementors to support ICU. Not an issue if that is truly needed but that requirement alone could dissuade some from participating in the project. The encodings I have examined/tested so far are: US-ASCII, ISO-8859-1, UTF-8, UTF-16, UTF-16BE, UTF-16LE, UTF-32, UTF-32BE, UTF-32LE, IBM1047, IBM500, IBM037, x-UTF-16LE-BOM, X-UTF-32BE-BOM, X-UTF-32LE-BOM. I have not run across any issues with any of the above encodings. ICU includes 175 UCM files of which 135 are for SBCS encodings. I have not tested or examined all of these but would not expect them to be an issue either. Also not examined are the 27 UCM files for MBCS encodings. A brief review shows that many of these should not be an issue. BIG5 or GB18030 could definitely be an issue and there are several others like these that might require a custom effort to support. Ok if you really need it but better delayed initially if you don't. Glad to know we don't need to visit these for the short term. I'm sure implementers would much rather concentrate on the DFDL aspect of things rather than become encoding experts. I know I would.