September 1993 - cypherpunks-legacy@lists.ogf.org

Testing randomness of PGP-generated IDEA keys
by an31185＠anon.penet.fi 14 Sep '93

14 Sep '93

Hi, you may remember a few weeks back I was going to take a look at the randomness of PGP random number generation.... well, I finally got round to it. Since the MD5 of the file being encrypted is used as part of the random number generation process to prevent anyone copying the randseed.bin file and generating all future keys from it, I wrote a program to read in /usr/dict/words, and loop around generating files containing a random number (using the unix random() call) of random sentences using the words in the dictionary, and encrypt them with a test 384-bit key. The copy of PGP I was using was modified to dumped the 24-byte key/random prefix combination into a file, which the main program read out and processed. Firstly, it maintained a table of counts for each byte value, and secondly (since I gave up statistics years ago), XOR-ed all the bytes in each 24-byte sample together and maintained a table of frequency of XOR values as a simple check for randomness in each 24-byte sample. After running for a few days, the results were: Total bytes generated : 3000504 (125021 runs) Frequency : High: 11960 Low : 11377 Mean: 11721 Spread: 584 (4 %, +2 %, -2 %) Within 50% of mean : 2505989 (83 %) XOR Freq : High: 553 Low : 432 Mean: 488 Spread: 122 (25 %, +13 %, -11 %) Within 50% of mean : 107652 (86 %) Since, as I said, I'm not a statistician, my definitions of the above categories are : Mean - expected frequency, i.e. total number of bytes generated/256, Spread - absolute difference between frequencies of rarest and most common byte values, plus difference as percentage of mean, and spread above and below the mean as a percentage of the mean (rounded to nearest) Lastly, the program summed the frequencies of the bytes whose frequency was between (mean-(mean-low)/2) and (mean+(high-mean)/2), giving the result as an absolute value and a percentage of the total number of bytes generated. >From this, it looks to me like the random number generation is, indeed, pretty random, and if you're trying to break an arbitrary PGP-encrypted file by a brute-force attack on the IDEA-encrypted section, then you don't have any shortcuts based on frequency of bytes in the key. If anyone with a better grasp of statistics wants the original data to look at (25k, containing 24 arrays of byte frequencies and one of XOR frequencies), let me know and I'll email it to you. So, if there is a 'fatal flaw' in PGP, it looks like it must be either the known plaintext, or it must be somewhere in the prime generation code. Since I know nothing about fast methods of testing primality, someone else is going to have to look into that.... (Unless I get bored enough to hunt out some books on the subject) ------------------------------------------------------------------------- To find out more about the anon service, send mail to help(a)anon.penet.fi. Due to the double-blind, any mail replies to this message will be anonymized, and an anonymous id will be allocated automatically. You have been warned. Please report any problems, inappropriate use etc. to admin(a)anon.penet.fi.

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REMAIL: new remailer
by nobody＠rosebud.ee.uh.edu 14 Sep '93

14 Sep '93

-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- Hm... something weird happened since I didn't send out four copies of the remailer list. And a message I sent a while ago hasn't appeared yet...? First, I've been told that some people are concerned about my signature appearing on the remailer keys. I sign every remailer key I verify, hopefully in addition to the signature already present from the remailer operator... so if you run a remailer, sign the key if you haven't, and mail it to me, preferable with your public key because I don't like "unknown signator" messages. I will include it in the pubkeys.tar.gz distribution I put (with Eric's help) on soda. That way it won't look like I'm signing every remailer key all by myself :-) Anyway, this is a remailer I've been using for various testing purposes, but haven't announced (and you thought I was joking when I said people are running remailers they haven't announced :-) It is set up in a friend's account with his permission since he is away working in NH with no telnet priveleges. This may become the preferred remailer on rosebud. I have been told by a lawyer that running a remailer from an account I no longer have legitimate access to breaks about three laws in Texas. :( Maybe eventually I'll spring for a commercial setup where I have a little more say. My old account (elee7h5(a)rosebud.ee.uh.edu) has been locked since I am no longer in that graduate group (or at that university for that matter). However, the remailer still works, since my directory structure remains. So, I mailed to two people in charge on rosebud, and have asked them to get back to me if they want the remailer cancelled. I haven't heard back, so maybe they support it! Actually though, since the remailer doesn't take up much space nor does it eat much cpu, they may very well not care. But my friend's account is still going strong :-) I've retested the remailing functions, and here is the key (keyid BBC00D) - -----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK----- Version: 2.3a mQCNAiyWMdIAAAEEAMjEKj+hSQa1pJlIdAo3DH0qhKIqiNIPiyiDoxXctXR/wix7 lapUizd/Kj1FeYvMgKe1/rYKwgC1oHrCzKXoZ44ipsmaVArj++d3nfjblp/mh0Rd fCnQDt0PZ8wcx0gE87N6vJ77K8iW/dS9D1z9bax77HGl3i3A0kbfRR3Gu8ANAAUR tChNci4gUmVtYWlsZXIgPGVsZWU2dWVAcm9zZWJ1ZC5lZS51aC5lZHU+iQCVAgUQ LJYx1oOA7OpLWtYzAQGUjgQAsimuSOXkjvQubyQc3jjjvgFnV+Vce7TQnlZtjd2P A2S8Yafk/3rcBnVKGQ3ZBmYHc2AcvXwjZEQsTQYiKOQJ8/qzqQsbq7Juwg/Op4Fu GwtCuGERq9qA7lFrKwvbowQWb9kos9Hdor8v/DZREz8IOTbWKYRb8uyjH0jGw57Q b/c= =DWkv - -----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK----- It isn't the original key since I zapped it when I was shuffling around directories to support caching (which I have not enabled). Sorry! -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- Version: 2.3a iQCVAgUBLJZOSoOA7OpLWtYzAQHkNQQAxdOIX3L+vKoo8OaC8mB5cyGfSEOKULdQ OdbcA4gYKllTea82VLXZxCyYTyYNzIcGJ4v/E3Hod2BKC8wkISuOS0/QG9TXz9hm bDBzmdLNxQApTTbMmVV78o8wX2ol42Tw3pvqvhws61Z8rxBVnoNaV47OsQLYlo77 UJNOzAJtMws= =ADxw -----END PGP SIGNATURE-----

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REMAIL: list
by nobody＠nyx.cs.du.edu 14 Sep '93

14 Sep '93

Here is an interim release of the list, which includes the elee9sf@menudo and elee6ue@rosebud remailer. (And you thought I was joking when I said that some people run remailers that aren't announced :-) I cleaned up the scripts at elee6ue@rosebud, and in the process of creating the proper directories for caching (which is NOT implemented just yet) I zapped the pgp directory and the keyrings... so now there is a new key for elee6ue(a)rosebud.ee.uh.edu, keyid = BBC00D. Sorry about that! Also, my key klbarrus(a)owlnet.rice.edu, keyid = 5AD633 has an A.K.A. on it for elee9sf(a)menudo.uh.edu. This is NOT the public key to the remailer, whose keyid is DC9EE9. I sign the public keys of remailers I have verified as working, so if you get the latest pubkeys.tar.gz file from soda or the keys from me, you will find a signature from 5AD633 on them. Lastly, thanks to folks who are contributing programs to help other use the remailers! I decided to keep my offerings as shell scripts or batch files, but there is only so much these languages can do, so I welcome "high" level help programs (source included :-). Nate's program is mentioned, but not Alex's (yet) since it isn't available via ftp (yet). I'll try to keep on top of this stuff. Cypherpunk anonymous remailers, 9/15/93 Q1: What are the anonymous remailers? A1: 1: nowhere(a)bsu-cs.bsu.edu 2: hh(a)cicada.berkeley.edu 3: hh(a)pmantis.berkeley.edu 4: hh(a)soda.berkeley.edu 5: 00x(a)uclink.berkeley.edu 6: cdodhner(a)indirect.com 7: hal(a)alumni.caltech.edu 8: cs60a-qu(a)cory.eecs.berkeley.edu 9: ebrandt(a)jarthur.claremont.edu 10: catalyst(a)netcom.com 11: sameer(a)netcom.com 12: remailer(a)rebma.mn.org 13: elee6ue(a)rosebud.ee.uh.edu 14: elee7h5(a)rosebud.ee.uh.edu 15: hfinney(a)shell.portal.com 16: remail(a)tamsun.tamu.edu 17: remail(a)tamaix.tamu.edu 18: remailer(a)utter.dis.org 19: remailer(a)entropy.linet.org 20: elee9sf(a)menudo.uh.edu 21: remail(a)extropia.wimsey.com NOTES: 1-6 no encryption of remailing requests 7-20 support encrypted remailing requests 21 special - header and message must be encrypted together 12,18,19,21 introduce larger than average delay (not direct connect) 12,18,21 running on privately owned machines 20 supports RIPEM encryption, caches all requests ====================================================================== Q2: What help is available? A2: Check out the pub/cypherpunks/remailer directory at soda.berkeley.edu (128.32.149.19). chain.zip - program that helps with using remailers dosbat.zip - MSDOS batch files that help with using remailers hal's.instructions.gz - in depth instruction on how to use hal's.remailer.gz - remailer code pubkeys.tar.gz - public keys of remailers which support encryption pubkeys.zip - MSDOS zip file of public keys scripts.tar.gz - scripts that help with using remailers Also, at 129.82.156.104 in /pub/pgpc/ are two files: pgp22.tar.gz, pgp22.tar.Z which assist in using the anonymous remailers, including anon.penet.fi. Mail to me (klbarrus(a)owlnet.rice.edu) for further help and/or questions. ====================================================================== Q3. Email-to-Usenet gateways? A3. 1: group-name(a)cs.utexas.edu 2: group.name.usenet(a)decwrl.dec.com 3: group.name(a)news.demon.co.uk 4: group.name(a)news.cs.indiana.edu 5: group-name(a)pws.bull.com 6: group-name(a)ucbvax.berkeley.edu NOTES: * This does not include ones that work for single groups, like twwells.com. #1 apparently blocks anonymous remailer posts #6 blocks from non-berkeley sites (so use the berkeley remailers :-)

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REMAIL: list
by remailer＠netcom.com 14 Sep '93

14 Sep '93

Here is an interim release of the list, which includes the elee9sf@menudo and elee6ue@rosebud remailer. (And you thought I was joking when I said that some people run remailers that aren't announced :-) I cleaned up the scripts at elee6ue@rosebud, and in the process of creating the proper directories for caching (which is NOT implemented just yet) I zapped the pgp directory and the keyrings... so now there is a new key for elee6ue(a)rosebud.ee.uh.edu, keyid = BBC00D. Sorry about that! Also, my key klbarrus(a)owlnet.rice.edu, keyid = 5AD633 has an A.K.A. on it for elee9sf(a)menudo.uh.edu. This is NOT the public key to the remailer, whose keyid is DC9EE9. I sign the public keys of remailers I have verified as working, so if you get the latest pubkeys.tar.gz file from soda or the keys from me, you will find a signature from 5AD633 on them. Lastly, thanks to folks who are contributing programs to help other use the remailers! I decided to keep my offerings as shell scripts or batch files, but there is only so much these languages can do, so I welcome "high" level help programs (source included :-). Nate's program is mentioned, but not Alex's (yet) since it isn't available via ftp (yet). I'll try to keep on top of this stuff. Cypherpunk anonymous remailers, 9/15/93 Q1: What are the anonymous remailers? A1: 1: nowhere(a)bsu-cs.bsu.edu 2: hh(a)cicada.berkeley.edu 3: hh(a)pmantis.berkeley.edu 4: hh(a)soda.berkeley.edu 5: 00x(a)uclink.berkeley.edu 6: cdodhner(a)indirect.com 7: hal(a)alumni.caltech.edu 8: cs60a-qu(a)cory.eecs.berkeley.edu 9: ebrandt(a)jarthur.claremont.edu 10: catalyst(a)netcom.com 11: sameer(a)netcom.com 12: remailer(a)rebma.mn.org 13: elee6ue(a)rosebud.ee.uh.edu 14: elee7h5(a)rosebud.ee.uh.edu 15: hfinney(a)shell.portal.com 16: remail(a)tamsun.tamu.edu 17: remail(a)tamaix.tamu.edu 18: remailer(a)utter.dis.org 19: remailer(a)entropy.linet.org 20: elee9sf(a)menudo.uh.edu 21: remail(a)extropia.wimsey.com NOTES: 1-6 no encryption of remailing requests 7-20 support encrypted remailing requests 21 special - header and message must be encrypted together 12,18,19,21 introduce larger than average delay (not direct connect) 12,18,21 running on privately owned machines 20 supports RIPEM encryption, caches all requests ====================================================================== Q2: What help is available? A2: Check out the pub/cypherpunks/remailer directory at soda.berkeley.edu (128.32.149.19). chain.zip - program that helps with using remailers dosbat.zip - MSDOS batch files that help with using remailers hal's.instructions.gz - in depth instruction on how to use hal's.remailer.gz - remailer code pubkeys.tar.gz - public keys of remailers which support encryption pubkeys.zip - MSDOS zip file of public keys scripts.tar.gz - scripts that help with using remailers Also, at 129.82.156.104 in /pub/pgpc/ are two files: pgp22.tar.gz, pgp22.tar.Z which assist in using the anonymous remailers, including anon.penet.fi. Mail to me (klbarrus(a)owlnet.rice.edu) for further help and/or questions. ====================================================================== Q3. Email-to-Usenet gateways? A3. 1: group-name(a)cs.utexas.edu 2: group.name.usenet(a)decwrl.dec.com 3: group.name(a)news.demon.co.uk 4: group.name(a)news.cs.indiana.edu 5: group-name(a)pws.bull.com 6: group-name(a)ucbvax.berkeley.edu NOTES: * This does not include ones that work for single groups, like twwells.com. #1 apparently blocks anonymous remailer posts #6 blocks from non-berkeley sites (so use the berkeley remailers :-)

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REMAIL: list
by nobody＠indirect.com 14 Sep '93

14 Sep '93

Here is an interim release of the list, which includes the elee9sf@menudo and elee6ue@rosebud remailer. (And you thought I was joking when I said that some people run remailers that aren't announced :-) I cleaned up the scripts at elee6ue@rosebud, and in the process of creating the proper directories for caching (which is NOT implemented just yet) I zapped the pgp directory and the keyrings... so now there is a new key for elee6ue(a)rosebud.ee.uh.edu, keyid = BBC00D. Sorry about that! Also, my key klbarrus(a)owlnet.rice.edu, keyid = 5AD633 has an A.K.A. on it for elee9sf(a)menudo.uh.edu. This is NOT the public key to the remailer, whose keyid is DC9EE9. I sign the public keys of remailers I have verified as working, so if you get the latest pubkeys.tar.gz file from soda or the keys from me, you will find a signature from 5AD633 on them. Lastly, thanks to folks who are contributing programs to help other use the remailers! I decided to keep my offerings as shell scripts or batch files, but there is only so much these languages can do, so I welcome "high" level help programs (source included :-). Nate's program is mentioned, but not Alex's (yet) since it isn't available via ftp (yet). I'll try to keep on top of this stuff. Cypherpunk anonymous remailers, 9/15/93 Q1: What are the anonymous remailers? A1: 1: nowhere(a)bsu-cs.bsu.edu 2: hh(a)cicada.berkeley.edu 3: hh(a)pmantis.berkeley.edu 4: hh(a)soda.berkeley.edu 5: 00x(a)uclink.berkeley.edu 6: cdodhner(a)indirect.com 7: hal(a)alumni.caltech.edu 8: cs60a-qu(a)cory.eecs.berkeley.edu 9: ebrandt(a)jarthur.claremont.edu 10: catalyst(a)netcom.com 11: sameer(a)netcom.com 12: remailer(a)rebma.mn.org 13: elee6ue(a)rosebud.ee.uh.edu 14: elee7h5(a)rosebud.ee.uh.edu 15: hfinney(a)shell.portal.com 16: remail(a)tamsun.tamu.edu 17: remail(a)tamaix.tamu.edu 18: remailer(a)utter.dis.org 19: remailer(a)entropy.linet.org 20: elee9sf(a)menudo.uh.edu 21: remail(a)extropia.wimsey.com NOTES: 1-6 no encryption of remailing requests 7-20 support encrypted remailing requests 21 special - header and message must be encrypted together 12,18,19,21 introduce larger than average delay (not direct connect) 12,18,21 running on privately owned machines 20 supports RIPEM encryption, caches all requests ====================================================================== Q2: What help is available? A2: Check out the pub/cypherpunks/remailer directory at soda.berkeley.edu (128.32.149.19). chain.zip - program that helps with using remailers dosbat.zip - MSDOS batch files that help with using remailers hal's.instructions.gz - in depth instruction on how to use hal's.remailer.gz - remailer code pubkeys.tar.gz - public keys of remailers which support encryption pubkeys.zip - MSDOS zip file of public keys scripts.tar.gz - scripts that help with using remailers Also, at 129.82.156.104 in /pub/pgpc/ are two files: pgp22.tar.gz, pgp22.tar.Z which assist in using the anonymous remailers, including anon.penet.fi. Mail to me (klbarrus(a)owlnet.rice.edu) for further help and/or questions. ====================================================================== Q3. Email-to-Usenet gateways? A3. 1: group-name(a)cs.utexas.edu 2: group.name.usenet(a)decwrl.dec.com 3: group.name(a)news.demon.co.uk 4: group.name(a)news.cs.indiana.edu 5: group-name(a)pws.bull.com 6: group-name(a)ucbvax.berkeley.edu NOTES: * This does not include ones that work for single groups, like twwells.com. #1 apparently blocks anonymous remailer posts #6 blocks from non-berkeley sites (so use the berkeley remailers :-)

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REMAIL: list
by Karl Lui Barrus 14 Sep '93

14 Sep '93

:: Anon-To: cypherpunks(a)toad.com Here is an interim release of the list, which includes the elee9sf@menudo and elee6ue@rosebud remailer. (And you thought I was joking when I said that some people run remailers that aren't announced :-) I cleaned up the scripts at elee6ue@rosebud, and in the process of creating the proper directories for caching (which is NOT implemented just yet) I zapped the pgp directory and the keyrings... so now there is a new key for elee6ue(a)rosebud.ee.uh.edu, keyid = BBC00D. Sorry about that! Also, my key klbarrus(a)owlnet.rice.edu, keyid = 5AD633 has an A.K.A. on it for elee9sf(a)menudo.uh.edu. This is NOT the public key to the remailer, whose keyid is DC9EE9. I sign the public keys of remailers I have verified as working, so if you get the latest pubkeys.tar.gz file from soda or the keys from me, you will find a signature from 5AD633 on them. Lastly, thanks to folks who are contributing programs to help other use the remailers! I decided to keep my offerings as shell scripts or batch files, but there is only so much these languages can do, so I welcome "high" level help programs (source included :-). Nate's program is mentioned, but not Alex's (yet) since it isn't available via ftp (yet). I'll try to keep on top of this stuff. Cypherpunk anonymous remailers, 9/15/93 Q1: What are the anonymous remailers? A1: 1: nowhere(a)bsu-cs.bsu.edu 2: hh(a)cicada.berkeley.edu 3: hh(a)pmantis.berkeley.edu 4: hh(a)soda.berkeley.edu 5: 00x(a)uclink.berkeley.edu 6: cdodhner(a)indirect.com 7: hal(a)alumni.caltech.edu 8: cs60a-qu(a)cory.eecs.berkeley.edu 9: ebrandt(a)jarthur.claremont.edu 10: catalyst(a)netcom.com 11: sameer(a)netcom.com 12: remailer(a)rebma.mn.org 13: elee6ue(a)rosebud.ee.uh.edu 14: elee7h5(a)rosebud.ee.uh.edu 15: hfinney(a)shell.portal.com 16: remail(a)tamsun.tamu.edu 17: remail(a)tamaix.tamu.edu 18: remailer(a)utter.dis.org 19: remailer(a)entropy.linet.org 20: elee9sf(a)menudo.uh.edu 21: remail(a)extropia.wimsey.com NOTES: 1-6 no encryption of remailing requests 7-20 support encrypted remailing requests 21 special - header and message must be encrypted together 12,18,19,21 introduce larger than average delay (not direct connect) 12,18,21 running on privately owned machines 20 supports RIPEM encryption, caches all requests ====================================================================== Q2: What help is available? A2: Check out the pub/cypherpunks/remailer directory at soda.berkeley.edu (128.32.149.19). chain.zip - program that helps with using remailers dosbat.zip - MSDOS batch files that help with using remailers hal's.instructions.gz - in depth instruction on how to use hal's.remailer.gz - remailer code pubkeys.tar.gz - public keys of remailers which support encryption pubkeys.zip - MSDOS zip file of public keys scripts.tar.gz - scripts that help with using remailers Also, at 129.82.156.104 in /pub/pgpc/ are two files: pgp22.tar.gz, pgp22.tar.Z which assist in using the anonymous remailers, including anon.penet.fi. Mail to me (klbarrus(a)owlnet.rice.edu) for further help and/or questions. ====================================================================== Q3. Email-to-Usenet gateways? A3. 1: group-name(a)cs.utexas.edu 2: group.name.usenet(a)decwrl.dec.com 3: group.name(a)news.demon.co.uk 4: group.name(a)news.cs.indiana.edu 5: group-name(a)pws.bull.com 6: group-name(a)ucbvax.berkeley.edu NOTES: * This does not include ones that work for single groups, like twwells.com. #1 apparently blocks anonymous remailer posts #6 blocks from non-berkeley sites (so use the berkeley remailers :-)

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testing remailers, the keys for my remailers
by sameer＠netcom.com 14 Sep '93

14 Sep '93

Has anyone written or is someone writing a script which will take a list of remailers, and ping each of them to see if they are working, both encrypted and unencrypted? If no one has taken on that task, I'd be willing to do it.. I'll list here the remailers for whom I have the keys for... if another remailer exists which I don't know about please send me the key. (Also-- here's the keys for my remailers...) Type bits/keyID Date User ID pub 1024/69464F 1993/09/11 Sameer's Remailer <sameer(a)soda.berkeley.edu> pub 1024/9E3311 1993/09/02 Sameer's Remailer <sameer(a)netcom.com> pub 1024/567449 1993/09/01 Sameer's Remailer <cs60a-qu(a)cory.EECS.Berkeley.EDU> pub 512/64E8A7 1993/03/05 Remailing Service <remailer(a)dis.org> Anonymous Remailer <remailer(a)utter.dis.org> pub 1024/02C389 1993/06/07 Anonymous <remail(a)tamsun.tamu.edu> Anonymous <remail(a)tamaix.tamu.edu> pub 1024/DB04AB 1993/05/05 Mr. Remailer <elee6ue(a)rosebud.ee.uh.edu> pub 1024/BA80A9 1992/11/26 Remailer (remailer(a)rebma.mn.org) pub 1024/7B47C3 1993/01/20 Anonymous Remailer <phantom(a)mead.u.washington.edu> pub 1024/EBCC89 1993/04/27 Cypherpunk Remailer at <remailer(a)entropy.linet.org> pub 1024/B5A32F 1992/12/13 Remailer <remail(a)extropia.wimsey.com> pub 510/0BB437 1992/11/12 Remailing Service <hal(a)alumni.caltech.edu> pub 510/5620D5 1992/11/15 Remailing Service <hfinney(a)shell.portal.com> pub 512/7D154B 1993/04/04 jarthur remailer c/o <ebrandt(a)jarthur.claremont.edu> 13 key(s) examined. -----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK----- Version: 2.3a mQCNAiyRU70AAAEEALsLEv31NHZrNBsOYqsr064hT/SUtztIfGEkNxMS9KXo9Sil 3y8hY3r+mkeVPyvinmdjOPBIzHQmzezs9o9Tu/RAYQy8IdrWv/8KjIcZ0K3B+SVp 5d+fW14pOBm6MbcNpjK9RXVBpwAxjcYF2PXor8kT56J+2I9T4W08cWvcaUZPAAUR sAEAtCxTYW1lZXIncyBSZW1haWxlciA8c2FtZWVyQHNvZGEuYmVya2VsZXkuZWR1 PrABAIkAlQIFECyVO8EL8mtIoS4LrQEBDywD/0P2Zx2xWOxv076XsyDSYBYMh3jb iHbFisoaNwwJTcV8p6WwwBZNCsgGs3fEMuhrT2XHCN7f8CGkLvUivt6HvMgTl1EK lD1gaV6b4ZAZzo6PoFB6/8Bxa1K2aMnp0nNXuvRoIHs/jzFVF5YcM1nucUG85pL4 BgK2hOsAPkTK2Ru3sAEAmQCNAiyGXXoAAAEEAMDtjyzGpLKugc49+Na4GZcUZ1Q1 jyZYeofTdNwlTIbs4bGYOaeFCXaQluD4ANsLn9muMVae+q+3gZsIq14klQLO6Xe5 5pZ0Efx5shfFU24S9+xARUrDfMMqD5TtaoBXH9aQBV9mVo0h5Pxu6ng9B0A+GPJg /ygdVqW95EIJnjMRAAUTsAEAtCVTYW1lZXIncyBSZW1haWxlciA8c2FtZWVyQG5l dGNvbS5jb20+sAEAiQCVAgUQLJU79gvya0ihLgutAQGZBQQAgoctBIYxoaL3wIm7 7cKiZFOpXvkgD6ihV1c8La/udKw6MsVCts2ry2Dc8gm3mfEHEWTtZ8h3Wj9yPCma 9C39FiyikxK/JVMm2mOtPxhokY6YBOZSSMlCBdvm7Gtox9Cy65AOLCo0YZh+X9GV CPgyA5S3QyxPGRVSmxil7VHAHFKwAQCZAI0CLIToKAAAAQQAuoNVv3/OeG+gbSMy AW/V7MlY0rILldtec7oO9u5we+oWwsdJi5C3G2spWy6TbIa26sxVYUCacfzEKal/ TBRYhXPJ01BuDggHr8XMn9l3Bdaa+9QmLZHogokHQ8YOGJalHB8esu2Fy7NfDErR u5YZboEAUBwtXSKkTCGeeFJWdEkABRGwAQC0M1NhbWVlcidzIFJlbWFpbGVyIDxj czYwYS1xdUBjb3J5LkVFQ1MuQmVya2VsZXkuRURVPrABAIkAlQIFECyVPBcL8mtI oS4LrQEBKbgEAMSkfgm+PDdC2J6s+aq32TrO9iKmS3nZ1Q0/+eGznGcS6INys6qX MH7GCF3VDwhDBGf1l7/egd8dnNLn29zYSi2uX/H90YqzDlIRW3JMtq9ZIjCkSakZ SnSbEJOgJp/G1t9kZFPP/UDv9iMtqbJXxX7IP2r8Axzv1uXAmUI/WXEksAEA =BdhD -----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK----- -- Sameer sameer(a)netcom.com

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Re: A definitive definition of "crypto"
by futor＠llnl.gov 14 Sep '93

14 Sep '93

> [ The FAQ ]'s posted occasiuonally to sci.crypt, > but I can't think of a site (offhand) where you can FTP it. Try rtfm.mit.edu -- they tend to have most of the FAQs there. __ \/ -+- randy -+- all generalizations are flawed -+- futor(a)llnl.gov

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A definitive definition of "crypto"
by ferguson＠fiber.sprintlink.net 14 Sep '93

14 Sep '93

On Tue, 14 Sep 1993 12:44:45 PDT, <doug(a)netcom5.netcom.com> Doug Merritt writes - > Can anyone point me to (1) a reasonably authoritative legal definition > of what "cryptography" means, that can be used to help decide precisely > what does and does not fall under e.g. the export restrictions, and (2) a > similar definition from the technical literature, to use in conjunction > with #1? Doug, I'm not sure how much it will help you in distinguishing your objective, but one of the best general purpose references that I have seen is the sci.crypt Usenet newsgroup FAQ. It's posted occasiuonally to sci.crypt, but I can't think of a site (offhand) where you can FTP it. If you have access to a gopher or WAIS, give that a try. Cheers, _____________________________________________________________________________ Paul Ferguson Mindbank Consulting Group fergp(a)sytex.com Fairfax, Virginia USA ferguson(a)icp.net

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Re: authoritative definition of cryptography?
by peter honeyman 14 Sep '93

14 Sep '93

according to denning's book, "cryptography is the science and study of secret writing." webster's 7th says cryptography is "the enciphering and deciphering of messages in secret code." kahn says "the methods of cryptography ... render [a secret message] unintelligible to outsiders by various transformations of the plaintext." peter

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