Consistent with what we've heard, e.g that PKI and X509 will be built into Vista, using a "business card" paradigm for the graphical elements presented to the user: Topic: "... A company spokesman says the strategic direction now is Smart Cards, which Microsoft is supporting natively in Vista." http://www.networkworld.com/news/2006/050806-microsoft-vista.html?page=2 Alan Alan Sill TIGRE Senior Scientist High Performance Computing Center TTU ==================================================================== : Alan Sill, Texas Tech University Office: Admin 233, MS 4-1167 : : e-mail: Alan.Sill@ttu.edu ph. 806-742-4350 fax 806-742-4358 : ====================================================================